Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly applied in public health and epidemiology to predict disease outbreaks, optimize healthcare resources, and design effective interventions for population well-being. By processing massive datasets from electronic health records, mobility data, and social media, AI models enhance surveillance, accelerate response times, and support evidence-based policymaking. This article examines applications of AI in infectious disease modeling, chronic disease management, health policy, and global health security, while addressing challenges of data ethics and equity.